1 54:1 sn: Psalm 54. The psalmist asks God for protection against his enemies, confidently affirms that God will vindicate him, and promises to give thanks to God for his saving intervention. 2 54:1 tn: The meaning of the Hebrew term מַשְׂכִּיל (maskil) is uncertain. See the note on the phrase “well-written song” in the superscription of Ps 52. 3 54:1 tn: Heb “Is not David hiding with us?” sn: According to the superscription, David wrote this psalm during the period when Saul was seeking his life. On one occasion the Ziphites informed Saul that David was hiding in their territory (see 1 Sam 23:19-20). 4 54:1 tn: God’s “name” refers here to his reputation and revealed character, which would instill fear in the psalmist’s enemies (see C. A. Briggs and E. G. Briggs, Psalms [ICC], 2:17). 5 54:2 tn: The imperfect verbal form is used here to express the psalmist’s wish or request. 6 54:3 tn: Heb “to the words of my mouth.” 7 54:3 tc: Many medieval Hebrew mss read זֵדִים (zedim, “proud ones”) rather than זָרִים (zarim, “foreigners”). (No matter which reading one chooses as original, dalet-resh confusion accounts for the existence of the variant.) The term זֵדִים (“proud ones”) occurs in parallelism with עָרִיצִים (’aritsim, “violent ones”) in Ps 86:14 and Isa 13:11. However, זָרִים (zarim, “foreigners”) is parallel to עָרִיצִים (’aritsim, “violent ones”) in Isa 25:5; 29:5; Ezek 28:7; 31:12. 8 54:3 tn: Heb “rise against me.” 9 54:4 tn: Heb “and ruthless ones seek my life, they do not set God in front of them.” 10 54:4 tn: Or “my helper.” 11 54:5 tn: Or “sustain my life.” 12 54:5 tn: Heb “to those who watch me [with evil intent].” See also Pss 5:8; 27:11; 56:2. 13 54:5 tn: The Kethib (consonantal text) reads a Qal imperfect, “the evil will return,” while the Qere (marginal reading) has a Hiphil imperfect, “he will repay.” The parallel line has an imperative (indicating a prayer/request), so it is best to read a jussive form יָשֹׁב (yashov, “let it [the evil] return”) here. 14 54:6 tn: Heb “in [or “by”] your faithfulness.” 15 54:7 tn: The cohortative verbal form expresses the psalmist’s resolve/vow to praise. 16 54:7 tn: Or “for,” indicating a more specific reason why he will praise the Lord’s name (cf. v. 6). 17 54:7 tn: The perfects in v. 7 are probably rhetorical, indicating the psalmist’s certitude and confidence that God will intervene. The psalmist is so confident of God’s positive response to his prayer, he can describe God’s deliverance and his own vindication as if they were occurring or had already occurred. 18 54:7 tn: Heb “and on my enemies my eyes look.”